WHITEPAPERS
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Monitoring Flammable Vapors and Gases in Industrial ProcessesFlammability Hazards Industrial fires and explosions happen more frequently than most people think. They cause downtime, property damage, injury and sometimes death. These fires and explosions result from a dangerous mixture of flammable vapors with air and a source of ignition. |
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Use CalorVal BTU Analyzer for Waste Wood-to-Energy PlantsWaste Wood-to-Energy Plants use a gasification process to break down different types of wast wood such as wood chips, pallets, sawdust and other non-virgin wood and convert it into a clean producer gas. The producer gas fuels the turbine engines and produce electricity for the community. |
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BTU Measurements for Waste FuelDifferent products such as rubber, plastic, horse manure, chicken fat etc... are shredded and put on a conveyor belt in batches. They are passed through a microwave furnace. The material is bombarded with microwaves at high frequencies. Any condensables go through a condenser and they are left with a liquid and/or gas fuel sample. Thes fuel gases are mostly methane and hydrogen with some amounts of propane, propylene and butane. This fuel is then used as a source of energy for other processes in the plant. |
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The Effects of Process Temperature on LFL MeasurementLFL CalculationsMany substances emit vapors that have potential to cause fire or explosion when mixed with air and a source of ignition. The minimum concentration of a substance needed to support combustion is known as it's Lower Flammable Limit (LFL). For example, a concentration of 5% methane in air is equal to 100 percent of it's Lower Flammable Limit - enough to propagate a flame. |
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Reducing Fuel Costs in Process Ovens and Dryers which use SolventHot Air VentilationMany manufacturing processes must use chemical solvents in the production of their products. As a result, hot air dryers are frequently used as a means of evaporation those solvents. Moving and heating large amounts of air can be extremely expensive. Most think the first approach to cost control is reducing ventilation air to the point which just assures complete drying at the desired production speed. However, this could lead to fire or explosion due to a dangerous build-up of flammable vapors, caused by insufficient ventilation. |
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Understanding NFPA 86 Safety Ventilation and Continuous LFL MonitoringThe National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) establishes fire safety standards, including standards for the safe operation of processes. NFPA 86, the Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, addresses the safe operation of Class A, ClassB, Class C and Class D ovens, dryers, furnaces, thermal oxidizers and any other heated enclosure used for processing of materials related equipment. |
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Solvent Vapour Monitoring in Coal Coating Oven AtmospheresCOIL COATING LINE MANAGERS report that they experience three basic problems in solvent vapor monitoring. First and foremost, maintenance is burdensome. Sample lines clog, pumps break down, and analyser elements become fouled - all resulting in excessive labour and costly downtime. Secondly sensor accuracy is a problem. Because most analyser become contaminated they must be check and adjusted whenever there is a change in the solvents or coating being run. Thirdly, under these circumstances it tis difficult to keep oven operation in compliance with applicable fire and safety codes. As this report highlights, the PrevEx Flammability Analyser Model SNR675 solves all of these problems. |
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How to Select a Continuous Solvent Vapor Monitor to meet NFPA 86 requirements
This technical note assists operators in selecting a solvent vapor monitoring system that meets the
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Thermo Scientific Development of SO3 CEMSCoal-fired power plants have many undesirable consequences from the formation of SO3 to their equipment and emissions. This presents the requirement for a reliable and accurate monitoring method. Corrosion, fouling and plugging of plant equipment is a direct outcome from high concentrations of SO3. SO3 also reacts with moisture to form fine droplets of sulfuric acid at the stack exit which leads to a blue plume from the stack exit and leads to an adverse perception of the plant’s environmental impact. |
